However the developing geoeconomic competition in Eurasia between China, Russia and Central Asian states means that inland river transport also has a geoeconomic security aspect. Melting Arctic multiyear ice is rapidly opening possibilities for Northern Sea Route (NSR) operations with more ice-class vessels, fewer icebreakers, more LNG transit and containerised transport, and more international transshipment ports and multimodal port operations. The Russian Federation stands to be a net beneficiary of climate change. Central Asia and Caucasus Analyst, 23 January,
1) Kenderdine, T (2019) Kazakhstan as an Arctic State and a Maritime Power. But for Kazakhstan, one Russian river does ‘go the right way.’ The Ob’-Irtysh river system penetrates deep into the heart of Eurasia, offering Central Asian states an avenue for directly accessing ocean trade lines.
Russian rivers famously ‘go the wrong way.’ The United States and Canada have the beneficial hydrography of the interconnected Great Lakes system and the Mississippi, and Europe has the Rhine, Elbe, Danube, and Dnieper inland waterways which gives even landlocked states such as Switzerland and Austria direct access to the ocean and the favourable costs that maritime transport bring to trade. River port infrastructure in the Ob’ river basin.
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